1. Explain why you do not need to assign a specific data type to a variable when it is declared. 

Because PHP is 'losely typed' meaning the programming language [PHP]
determines the data type.

2. Positive and negative numbers and 0 with no decimal places belong to which data type? 

integers

3. Explain how you access the value of the second element in an array named $signs. 

$signs[98];

4. What function can be used to determine the total number of elements in an array? 

count();

count($signs);

5. Illustrate the value of using the print_r() function to return information about an array variable.

Because it returns both the element and the contents of the array.